Turbulence Dictates Bedload Transport in Vegetated Channels Without Dependence on Stem Diameter and Arrangement

Vegetation provides habitat and nature-based solutions to coastal flooding erosion, drawing significant interest in its restoration, which requires an understanding of sediment transport retention. Laboratory experiments examined the influence stem diameter arrangement on bedload by considering arrays different mixed diameters. Bedload rate was observed depend turbulent kinetic energy, with no dependence diameter, shown be consistent impulse model for entrainment. Existing predictors bare beds, based bed shear stress, were recast terms turbulence. The new turbulence-based predicted measured canopies across a range conditions drawn from several previous studies. A prediction turbulence biomass velocity also described, providing important step toward predicting real vegetation morphology.